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    2020年中国国民收入分配形势分析与政策建议

    摘要

    2019年以来,中国加大宏观政策力度,应对经济下行压力,巩固和扩展减税降费政策,国民收入分配格局继续调整。资本报酬份额和民营企业收入份额提高,劳动报酬份额、政府部门收入份额和金融机构收入份额下降。中央和地方分配关系进一步理顺,财力进一步下沉,基层公共服务保障能力提升。受疫情影响,居民收入增速放缓,中低收入居民受影响更大,居民收入差距有所扩大。新形势下,部门之间的收入分配要坚持底线思维,企业、政府、居民之间的分配关系要守住保市场主体、保基层运转、保基本民生的底线。“十四五”期间需进一步健全科学的工资水平决定机制和正常增长机制,完善市场评价要素贡献并按贡献分配的机制,加大再分配调节力度。支持慈善事业发展,完善鼓励回馈社会、扶贫济困的税收政策。

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    Abstract

    Since 2019,China has strengthened its macro policies,responded to the downward pressure of the economy,consolidated and expanded the tax and fee reduction policies,and continued to adjust the national income distribution pattern. The share of capital reward and private enterprise income increased,while the share of labor compensation,government department income and financial institution income decreased. The distribution relationship between the central and local governments has been further changed,and the basic level public service ability has been improved. Affected by the epidemic,the growth rate of residents’ income slowed down,and the low-income residents were more affected,and the income gap of residents was widened. Under the new situation,the income distribution among departments should also adhere to the bottom line thinking. The distribution relationship among enterprises,government and residents should adhere to the bottom line of basic living needs,operations of market entities,and the normal functioning of primary-level governments. In the “14th five year plan”,we need to further improve the scientific wage level determination mechanism and normal growth mechanism,improve the mechanism of market evaluation factor contribution and distribution according to contribution,and increase redistribution adjustment. We should support the development of philanthropy,and improve the tax policies that encourage giving back to the society and helping the poor.

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    作者简介
    张车伟:张车伟,中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所所长、研究员。
    赵文:赵文,中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所副研究员。
    李冰冰:李冰冰,中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所助理研究员。
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